Chapter 15
Surfactant - any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension
Surface tension - The inward force, or pulltha tend to minimize the surface area of a liquid
Solvent - The dissolving medium (water dissolving sugar)
Solute - The dissolved particles (sugar that is being dissolved in water)
Aqueous solution - water that contains dissolved substances
Solvation - The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
Electrolyte - a compound that conducts an electric rurent when it is in anaqueuous solution or in the molten state
Non-Electrolyte - a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or the molten state. (Molecular compounds such as Sugar, Alchol)
Weak Electrolyte - conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute in the solution exists as ions (ammonia, Mercury (ii) Cloride)
Strong Electrolyte - nearly all the dissolved compounds exist as ions ( soluble salts, inorganic acids, inorganic bases)
Hydrate - a compound that contains water of hydreation ( contained with crystals)
Colloid - a heterogeneous micture containing particles that rang in size from 1nm to 1000nm ( smaller than those in suspensions and large than thos in solutions)
Brownian Motion - The chaotic movement of colloidal particles caused by collisions of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the small, dispersed colloidal particles.
Suspension - a mixture from which partilces settle out ipon standing
Tyndall Effect - the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles
Emulsion - a colloidal dispersion of a liquid into a liquid ( maintain stablity of colloidal mixtures)
Surfactant - any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension
Surface tension - The inward force, or pulltha tend to minimize the surface area of a liquid
Solvent - The dissolving medium (water dissolving sugar)
Solute - The dissolved particles (sugar that is being dissolved in water)
Aqueous solution - water that contains dissolved substances
Solvation - The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules
Electrolyte - a compound that conducts an electric rurent when it is in anaqueuous solution or in the molten state
Non-Electrolyte - a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or the molten state. (Molecular compounds such as Sugar, Alchol)
Weak Electrolyte - conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute in the solution exists as ions (ammonia, Mercury (ii) Cloride)
Strong Electrolyte - nearly all the dissolved compounds exist as ions ( soluble salts, inorganic acids, inorganic bases)
Hydrate - a compound that contains water of hydreation ( contained with crystals)
Colloid - a heterogeneous micture containing particles that rang in size from 1nm to 1000nm ( smaller than those in suspensions and large than thos in solutions)
Brownian Motion - The chaotic movement of colloidal particles caused by collisions of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the small, dispersed colloidal particles.
Suspension - a mixture from which partilces settle out ipon standing
Tyndall Effect - the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles
Emulsion - a colloidal dispersion of a liquid into a liquid ( maintain stablity of colloidal mixtures)
Chapter 16
Saturated Solution - maximum amount of solution in solvent
Solubility - grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent
Unsaturated Solution - less solution than a saturated solution
Miscible - when 2 liquids dissolve in each other
Immiscible - liquids that are insoluble in each other
Supersaturated Solution - contains more solute than it can theoretically hold
Henry's Law - direct relationship between pressure and solubility
Concentration - the amount of solute that is dissolved
Dilute Solution - solution that contains a small amount of solute
Concentrated Solution - solution that contains a large amount of solute
Molarity (M) - moles of solute/Liters of solution
Colligative Property - A property that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identity
Freezing-point Depression - the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent
Boiling-point Elevation - the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent
Molality (m) - the number of moles of solute dissovled in 1kg of solvent
Mole Fraction - The ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of both solvent and solute
Molal freezing-point depression - constant(Kf) which is equal to the change in freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute
Molal boiling-point elevation constant(Kb) - the change in boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute
Saturated Solution - maximum amount of solution in solvent
Solubility - grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent
Unsaturated Solution - less solution than a saturated solution
Miscible - when 2 liquids dissolve in each other
Immiscible - liquids that are insoluble in each other
Supersaturated Solution - contains more solute than it can theoretically hold
Henry's Law - direct relationship between pressure and solubility
Concentration - the amount of solute that is dissolved
Dilute Solution - solution that contains a small amount of solute
Concentrated Solution - solution that contains a large amount of solute
Molarity (M) - moles of solute/Liters of solution
Colligative Property - A property that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identity
Freezing-point Depression - the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent
Boiling-point Elevation - the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent
Molality (m) - the number of moles of solute dissovled in 1kg of solvent
Mole Fraction - The ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of both solvent and solute
Molal freezing-point depression - constant(Kf) which is equal to the change in freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute
Molal boiling-point elevation constant(Kb) - the change in boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute